Heater



(No Model.) 8

y R. JOHNSON. 8; J. F. BUERKE L;

. HEATER. No. 288,708. Patented Nov. 20, 1888.

W m f/ mm V 8 Inventors:

Fi i

UNITED STATES PATENT OF ICE.

ROBERT JOHNSON AND JOHN F. BUERKEL, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

H EATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,708, dated November .20, 1883. Application filed January 31,1883. Renewed October 20,1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ROBERT JOHNSON and J 012m F. BUERKEL, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have in vented certain Improvements in Heaters, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to that class of heat ers in which a liquid is used as a means of conveying the heat from the fire to radiators;

and it consists, first, in a peculiar heating-mixshowing a modification, and Fig. 3 is a plan of a heating-coil.

In the class of heaters specified it has been common to use water. which isobjectionable, on account of its liability to freeze as well as to evaporate. Oils have also been used in such heaters-as in hot-houses-and glycerine has been employed. The use of oil, either animal oilas glycerine-or fish or vegetable oil, is objectionable, on account of its sluggish character and thedifficulty of getting it to circulate rapidly. Molten metalshave also been used, but are heavy, slow to circulate, and expensive. We avoid all these objections by the use of a mixture of glycerine and water, the latter having a salt in solution. We have found that by diluting the glycerine with water the cost of the heating-fluid is reduced, it is rendered more liinpid and will circulate easier,.and the presence of the glycerine prevents the water from freezing. To avoid the rapid loss of water from evaporation, we di's solve in the water a suitable salt or its equivalent-as chloride of calcium or chloride of soda-which raises the boiling-point, so that specific proportions, we have found that a mixture of seventeen and a half gallons of water, fourteen pounds of chlorium calcide, and ten and a half gallons of glycerine is most effective.

Different apparatuses may be employed for utilizing this mixture for heating. That illustrated in the drawings has proved effective, and will now be described. I

A is the stove-casing, containing the usual fire-pot, adjacent to which is the boiler or receptacle through which the liquid iscaused to circulate as it is heated. The liquid from the boiler passes at the top to a pipe, a, leading to a tank, B, which communicates through a vertical pipe, 0, with the lower pipe, d, of the pipe which extends, as usual, round the car near the floor, and constitutes the radia tors, and the liquid flows back from the up* per part of said radiators through a pipe, e, to the lower part of the boiler.

A form of boiler in common use is illustrated in Fig. l; but to secure the advantage of the heat of the gases arising from the fuel, we prefer to use the construction shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in which D is a flat coil of pipe, with the inner end of which communicates thelinlet-pipe 6, while the outer end is con-' of each communicating with a branch of the pipe 6, and the outer end with a branch of the pipe (1?; der atmospheric pressure or under the increased pressure resulting from using closed pipes and channels. Such pressure is, however, a low pressure as compared with that usually employed. The apparatus illustrated is intended for a circulation under steam-pressure, the tank B being provided with a pressa cock and funnel, whereby additional fluid may be introduced from time to time. A pipe, g, extends from the tank B through the roof of the car, and is provided with a safetyWalVe,

h, at the upper end.

The mixture above described is specially adapted for circulation under pressure, inasmuch as it may be heated to a high temperature without vaporizing, and will not there- 'Ihe circulation may be effected unure-gage, F, and with a pipe, f, provided with fore generate large volumes of scalding vapors in case of breaking of the pipes, as results when a pipe breaks through which highly-heated water is circulated.

We are aware that salted water, glycerine, or their equivalents have been used in the heating and radiating pipes of heaters, and we make no broad claim to the use of heatingmixtures; but

We claim 1. The combination, in a railway-car heater, of a stove, radiatingpipes arranged adjacent to the seats, heating-pipes within the stove, and connecting-pipes containing and adapted to circulate a mixture composed of glycerine and water holding a salt in solution, substantially as set forth.

' 2. The combination, with the stove, radiating-pipes, outlet-pipe a, and inlet-pipe e, of the flat coils arranged within the stove above the fire, communicating at the inner ends with the inlet-pipe, and at the outer ends with the outlet-pipe, all arranged substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the radiating-pipes. stove, two or more flat coils, D, and branched inlet and outlet pipes, all arranged substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT JOHNSON. JOHN F. BUERKEL. 

